Chapter 67
·
Gong Zi Xu
Chapter 67
Tomorrow afternoon [Selected Recommendations of New Books of Classified Novels] [Selected Recommendations of New Books of History Channel], so let’s update twice today and three tomorrow. Long live your understanding.
But I owe you an update, this will not be forgotten, let me sort out my thoughts in the past two days, and then give you a blast!
Plus, of course, asking for tickets...
*************
Fang Jun knew that the craftsmanship of the Tang Dynasty was very backward, and also knew that the best craftsmen in this era were recruited by the government. ?
Craftsmen are concentrated in the workshops set up by the government, using the raw materials provided by the government, and under the supervision of the workers, they make and process the products designated by the government.
Their profession is hereditary, and they have worked for the government for generations.
But he never imagined that Fang's blacksmith shop would be so simple.
A row of adobe houses were built along the hillside, forming a semi-circle. There were several shaft furnaces in front of the houses, which were presumably used for iron smelting.
The height of the furnace is about five or six meters, the bottom diameter is about three meters, the middle part is thicker, the two ends are slightly narrower, and the outer skin is built with gravel.There is a charging port on the top and a blowing port on the bottom, so that the relative movement of the charge falling and the gas rising can be formed.The high-temperature gas generated by the combustion rises through the material layer and transfers heat to the charge, even if it is a preheating process.
But no blower was seen, and only some cinder remained in the furnace.
Fang Jun had never seen an iron smelting furnace before, but it didn't prevent him from reading it once to understand the reasoning. He didn't need to have studied industry, he could understand it with a little common sense in physics. After all, this thing is too simple.
Fang Jun asked Lu Cheng behind him, "This is an iron-making furnace? Why not make iron?"
Although most of the pyrite mined in the mines not far away is pyrite, and there is nothing to be smelted, you can't just sit idle like this?
Lu Cheng said, "That's right, it's an iron-smelting furnace. It's winter now. It's too cold, and the furnace temperature can't go up, so we don't make iron."
Fang Jun tutted his mouth, thinking that this broken stove is too simple, not only does the temperature of the stove not rise in winter now, but even in dog days, where can the temperature get so high?
How many degrees does it take to make iron?
Fang Jun pulled his hair and thought about it, probably more than 1000 degrees?Probably about the same, then the steelmaking needs to be at least [-] baidu, and it takes a lot of effort to make iron in this broken furnace, let alone steelmaking.
It would have been better if I had studied science at the beginning. Iron making, steel making, cement burning, etc., maybe it would promote the Tang Dynasty and start the first industrial revolution.
Oh, by the way, what was the sign of the first industrial revolution?
It looks like a steam engine...
It is said that the principle of the steam engine is extremely simple. The difficulty is that the materials are not easy to obtain and the craftsmanship does not meet the standards. Generally speaking, it seems that it is not impossible to make.
uh, thinking too far...
Fang Jun glanced at the cinders remaining in the hearth, and sighed in disappointment.
Using coal to make iron is probably a patent in ancient China, right?Failed patent...
The ancient iron smelting industry was plagued by high phosphorus content for a long time, probably because of the poor quality of iron ore, or because of cast iron technology, or both.Su Shi once made a song "Coalstone", praising the benefits of using coal to make iron.He believes that using coal "smelting iron as a soldier is sharper than Changyun." It can also save charcoal and increase the furnace temperature.Indeed, coal has both of these benefits, and it also reduces the cost of making iron, which is much cheaper than coal.
However, the most terrifying killer of iron smelting, sulfur, is lurking in coal.
The winter in the north is very cold, so the cold and brittle phenomenon of ironware with high phosphorus content is very serious, which seriously restricts the development of ironware.
Therefore, using coal to make iron is a complete mistake, which has led the entire iron smelting industry astray!
In fact, the solution to the high sulfur content is very simple, that is, refining coke and using coke to smelt iron.
But the ancients did not coke.
Fang Jun thought about it again, how is coke made?Well, neither does he...
But he knows that coke is burned by putting coal in a sealed environment and burning hard, cement is also burned, glass is still burned, porcelain is still burned, ...
No wonder people often say that the use of "fire" is a sign of civilization, so it is...
Although I don't know exactly how to burn it, it's enough to burn it anyway, but it's going to be burnt out one day.
Fang Jun was helpless, and once again sighed the true meaning of "learning physical chemistry well, you will not be afraid to travel anywhere".
I came to the blacksmith shop this time, not to inspect the iron furnace, but to check the tasks arranged by Lu Cheng in the Fangfu a few days ago, but since I thought of coke, I naturally have to explain to Lu Cheng, and I can test according to my own ideas. After all, it can't be wrong.
However, Lu Cheng was at a loss. He first burned the coal, and then used the coal to burn the rest to burn the ore... Isn't this not taking off your pants and farting and spending more time?
Lu Cheng was confused and couldn't understand...
Fang Jun can't say more, why should he explain to this "illiterate" more than 1000 years ago what is carbon, what is CO2, and what is chemical reaction?
In front of Yiliuer's adobe house is a yard. The cinder and slag are crushed into small pieces, and a thick layer is laid.
At this time, a carriage was placed in the center of the yard. It was just a simple frame without any decorations such as baffles and curtains.
Fang Jun walked over, pinched his chin, and circled around the carriage, feeling a little emotional.
That's right, what he wants to do is this four-wheeled carriage.
It is hard to imagine that the 5000-year civilization of China has invented countless world-leading technologies, but it has not made a four-wheeled carriage.
It's incredible, it's unbelievable, but it's what it is.
China has always been a two-wheeled carriage, but there has never been a four-wheeled carriage that shuttles through the streets like Europe. In fact, the four-wheeled carriage has completely surpassed the two-wheeled carriage in terms of load capacity and comfort. The Queen of England also rides when she goes out. four-wheeled royal carriage.So what is the reason why China has always been a two-wheeled carriage instead of a four-wheeled carriage?
Some people have looked for a lot of objective reasons, such as terrain factors, war factors, flattery factors... But Fang Jun believes that there is only one root cause, that is, the Chinese have not solved the steering problem of four-wheeled vehicles.
There have also been four-wheeled vehicles in the Chinese, but this four-wheeled vehicle simply installs four wheels on a fixed frame, so it cannot be turned. Although such a four-wheeled carriage looks like it has four wheels, it is not. There is no practical value, even forty wheels are useless...
If a modern person sees it, is this a problem?
Obviously not.
In the carriage in front of me, the front two wheels are mounted on one frame, the rear two wheels are mounted on the other frame, and the rear frame is connected to the front frame by a vertical shaft, which is perfect. Solved the steering problem of quads.
But many inventions are like this, just like a layer of window paper, if you pierce it, it's just a thin layer. If you don't pierce it, you can't see anything.
In fact, many of the simplest mechanical technologies were invented by Westerners, such as screws, bolts, nuts, gears, racks, springs, bearings, windmills, water pumps, etc. These seemingly insignificant little things are used throughout the industry. The manufacturing sector plays an important role…
As soon as Fang Jun appeared, the craftsmen who were originally surrounded by the carriage dispersed immediately, and one of the gray-haired old men greeted Fang Jun with excitement: "Erlang, this thing is really a godsend!"
Fang Jun is a little confused, isn't it?
It is said that Podatian is just a carriage. There is no essential difference between two wheels and four wheels. We want to make it just to make it more comfortable to sit on. In other words, this two-wheeled carriage is too bumpy...
Lu Cheng introduced to Fang Jun: "This is the blacksmith with the best craftsmanship in our blacksmith shop. He has no name. Everyone calls him Wang Erxiao..."
Fang Jun is sweating...
That Wang Erxiao was obviously the leader of this group of craftsmen. He was the only one who dared to talk to Fang Jun, and everyone else stood far away.
Wang Erxiao was very excited, looked at Fang Jun with a look of admiration, and said, "This old man has followed the master from Shandong, watching him step by step to today's success, and watching Erlang you were born back then... "
Fang Jun sweats again, can my father let you see it...
(End of this chapter)
Tomorrow afternoon [Selected Recommendations of New Books of Classified Novels] [Selected Recommendations of New Books of History Channel], so let’s update twice today and three tomorrow. Long live your understanding.
But I owe you an update, this will not be forgotten, let me sort out my thoughts in the past two days, and then give you a blast!
Plus, of course, asking for tickets...
*************
Fang Jun knew that the craftsmanship of the Tang Dynasty was very backward, and also knew that the best craftsmen in this era were recruited by the government. ?
Craftsmen are concentrated in the workshops set up by the government, using the raw materials provided by the government, and under the supervision of the workers, they make and process the products designated by the government.
Their profession is hereditary, and they have worked for the government for generations.
But he never imagined that Fang's blacksmith shop would be so simple.
A row of adobe houses were built along the hillside, forming a semi-circle. There were several shaft furnaces in front of the houses, which were presumably used for iron smelting.
The height of the furnace is about five or six meters, the bottom diameter is about three meters, the middle part is thicker, the two ends are slightly narrower, and the outer skin is built with gravel.There is a charging port on the top and a blowing port on the bottom, so that the relative movement of the charge falling and the gas rising can be formed.The high-temperature gas generated by the combustion rises through the material layer and transfers heat to the charge, even if it is a preheating process.
But no blower was seen, and only some cinder remained in the furnace.
Fang Jun had never seen an iron smelting furnace before, but it didn't prevent him from reading it once to understand the reasoning. He didn't need to have studied industry, he could understand it with a little common sense in physics. After all, this thing is too simple.
Fang Jun asked Lu Cheng behind him, "This is an iron-making furnace? Why not make iron?"
Although most of the pyrite mined in the mines not far away is pyrite, and there is nothing to be smelted, you can't just sit idle like this?
Lu Cheng said, "That's right, it's an iron-smelting furnace. It's winter now. It's too cold, and the furnace temperature can't go up, so we don't make iron."
Fang Jun tutted his mouth, thinking that this broken stove is too simple, not only does the temperature of the stove not rise in winter now, but even in dog days, where can the temperature get so high?
How many degrees does it take to make iron?
Fang Jun pulled his hair and thought about it, probably more than 1000 degrees?Probably about the same, then the steelmaking needs to be at least [-] baidu, and it takes a lot of effort to make iron in this broken furnace, let alone steelmaking.
It would have been better if I had studied science at the beginning. Iron making, steel making, cement burning, etc., maybe it would promote the Tang Dynasty and start the first industrial revolution.
Oh, by the way, what was the sign of the first industrial revolution?
It looks like a steam engine...
It is said that the principle of the steam engine is extremely simple. The difficulty is that the materials are not easy to obtain and the craftsmanship does not meet the standards. Generally speaking, it seems that it is not impossible to make.
uh, thinking too far...
Fang Jun glanced at the cinders remaining in the hearth, and sighed in disappointment.
Using coal to make iron is probably a patent in ancient China, right?Failed patent...
The ancient iron smelting industry was plagued by high phosphorus content for a long time, probably because of the poor quality of iron ore, or because of cast iron technology, or both.Su Shi once made a song "Coalstone", praising the benefits of using coal to make iron.He believes that using coal "smelting iron as a soldier is sharper than Changyun." It can also save charcoal and increase the furnace temperature.Indeed, coal has both of these benefits, and it also reduces the cost of making iron, which is much cheaper than coal.
However, the most terrifying killer of iron smelting, sulfur, is lurking in coal.
The winter in the north is very cold, so the cold and brittle phenomenon of ironware with high phosphorus content is very serious, which seriously restricts the development of ironware.
Therefore, using coal to make iron is a complete mistake, which has led the entire iron smelting industry astray!
In fact, the solution to the high sulfur content is very simple, that is, refining coke and using coke to smelt iron.
But the ancients did not coke.
Fang Jun thought about it again, how is coke made?Well, neither does he...
But he knows that coke is burned by putting coal in a sealed environment and burning hard, cement is also burned, glass is still burned, porcelain is still burned, ...
No wonder people often say that the use of "fire" is a sign of civilization, so it is...
Although I don't know exactly how to burn it, it's enough to burn it anyway, but it's going to be burnt out one day.
Fang Jun was helpless, and once again sighed the true meaning of "learning physical chemistry well, you will not be afraid to travel anywhere".
I came to the blacksmith shop this time, not to inspect the iron furnace, but to check the tasks arranged by Lu Cheng in the Fangfu a few days ago, but since I thought of coke, I naturally have to explain to Lu Cheng, and I can test according to my own ideas. After all, it can't be wrong.
However, Lu Cheng was at a loss. He first burned the coal, and then used the coal to burn the rest to burn the ore... Isn't this not taking off your pants and farting and spending more time?
Lu Cheng was confused and couldn't understand...
Fang Jun can't say more, why should he explain to this "illiterate" more than 1000 years ago what is carbon, what is CO2, and what is chemical reaction?
In front of Yiliuer's adobe house is a yard. The cinder and slag are crushed into small pieces, and a thick layer is laid.
At this time, a carriage was placed in the center of the yard. It was just a simple frame without any decorations such as baffles and curtains.
Fang Jun walked over, pinched his chin, and circled around the carriage, feeling a little emotional.
That's right, what he wants to do is this four-wheeled carriage.
It is hard to imagine that the 5000-year civilization of China has invented countless world-leading technologies, but it has not made a four-wheeled carriage.
It's incredible, it's unbelievable, but it's what it is.
China has always been a two-wheeled carriage, but there has never been a four-wheeled carriage that shuttles through the streets like Europe. In fact, the four-wheeled carriage has completely surpassed the two-wheeled carriage in terms of load capacity and comfort. The Queen of England also rides when she goes out. four-wheeled royal carriage.So what is the reason why China has always been a two-wheeled carriage instead of a four-wheeled carriage?
Some people have looked for a lot of objective reasons, such as terrain factors, war factors, flattery factors... But Fang Jun believes that there is only one root cause, that is, the Chinese have not solved the steering problem of four-wheeled vehicles.
There have also been four-wheeled vehicles in the Chinese, but this four-wheeled vehicle simply installs four wheels on a fixed frame, so it cannot be turned. Although such a four-wheeled carriage looks like it has four wheels, it is not. There is no practical value, even forty wheels are useless...
If a modern person sees it, is this a problem?
Obviously not.
In the carriage in front of me, the front two wheels are mounted on one frame, the rear two wheels are mounted on the other frame, and the rear frame is connected to the front frame by a vertical shaft, which is perfect. Solved the steering problem of quads.
But many inventions are like this, just like a layer of window paper, if you pierce it, it's just a thin layer. If you don't pierce it, you can't see anything.
In fact, many of the simplest mechanical technologies were invented by Westerners, such as screws, bolts, nuts, gears, racks, springs, bearings, windmills, water pumps, etc. These seemingly insignificant little things are used throughout the industry. The manufacturing sector plays an important role…
As soon as Fang Jun appeared, the craftsmen who were originally surrounded by the carriage dispersed immediately, and one of the gray-haired old men greeted Fang Jun with excitement: "Erlang, this thing is really a godsend!"
Fang Jun is a little confused, isn't it?
It is said that Podatian is just a carriage. There is no essential difference between two wheels and four wheels. We want to make it just to make it more comfortable to sit on. In other words, this two-wheeled carriage is too bumpy...
Lu Cheng introduced to Fang Jun: "This is the blacksmith with the best craftsmanship in our blacksmith shop. He has no name. Everyone calls him Wang Erxiao..."
Fang Jun is sweating...
That Wang Erxiao was obviously the leader of this group of craftsmen. He was the only one who dared to talk to Fang Jun, and everyone else stood far away.
Wang Erxiao was very excited, looked at Fang Jun with a look of admiration, and said, "This old man has followed the master from Shandong, watching him step by step to today's success, and watching Erlang you were born back then... "
Fang Jun sweats again, can my father let you see it...
(End of this chapter)
