Chapter 2388

In 1797, Goethe once published a collection of poems called Fantasia, which described a story in sonnets written in German.

There was a magician's apprentice, he took advantage of the absence of the old wizard, and he was smart enough to show his magic power, but he only knew the spell that started the magic but didn't know how to end it, the final result was that the flood overflowed everywhere, and the old wizard was still in the end Came back to clean up the mess.

Also in 1797, the "xyz incident" occurred between France and the United States. Due to this incident, the relationship between the two countries quickly turned bad, and even reached a state of quasi-war. In fact, in 1796, the United States and France fell ill because of the "Jey Treaty". All diplomatic relations.

After the xyz incident, the United States signed a peace treaty with Tunisia to eradicate Berber pirates, and the USS Constitution was launched in the same year, intending not to pay the "annual payment" as in the past. The territory was established in Mississippi in 1798. In July, it announced the severance of trade with France, and then signed a trade treaty with Sweden. It was John Adams Jr., the son of John Adams, who was in charge of negotiating this matter.

Gustav II, the "Lion of the North", started the Thirty Years' War, but to bankers and traders, Sweden was more famous not for the great achievements of the king, nor for the classical furnishings in the court, but for The birth of the world's first central bank. Due to the extreme shortage of food in Sweden, local farmers will mix the bark into the bread to extend the shelf life of the bread. But Sweden's economy is not useless. With agriculture not as good as that of the United States and France, Sweden relies heavily on fishing and copper and iron mining, in which copper is used as currency and iron is an important commodity for export trade.

King Carl Gustaf, the tenth, wanted to realize Gustav II's dream of commercializing Sweden. After a foreign businessman described the Dutch banking system with hype, he entrusted him with the task of establishing a bank. His name was Palms Church, and unlike the bankers who were good at investing in mortgages, he was a whiz at innovation. When Germany's economy was devastated by the Thirty Years' War, the price of copper fell dramatically, leading to the collapse of the Swedish dollar, which used copper as its currency.

There is also a more practical problem. Copper is too heavy for countries that already use gold and silver to mint pocket metal-like currency. Palms Church's original innovation is to store huge The Swedish round metal sheet, and then provide a paper note as proof of payment.

In short, it is something that can be understood as paper currency. After the end of the American War, the Continental currency is almost like waste paper. Alexander Hamilton came up with a method called "revolving door", that is, to stop using the Continental currency as currency. The federal government established the National Currency Union, canceled the currency issuance rights of the states, replaced the severely depreciated Continental currency with the new federal currency, and replaced the original state and county public bonds with new, longer-term unified national debt.

But the Riksbank has copper in reserve anyway, so what does Hamilton have in the bank? The U.S. dollar is actually not paper, but made of cotton and flax. During the period when the United States and France were at odds and the United Kingdom and the United States were friendly, Jefferson asked the American ambassador to Britain, Rufus King, to talk about the British debt and border issues before the war. It is not clear exactly what it was, but Hope Bank began raising funds for Hamilton's European bond issuance in Amsterdam shortly afterward.

John Adams once went to the Netherlands as an ambassador during the American War, and it was he who made the Netherlands stand with France against England. Therefore, the British regarded him as the second evil figure after Washington. During his mission to Europe, he sent The assassins of the United States pursued him closely. When his son came to Europe, the relationship between the two countries happened to be in a period of détente. It was precisely because of this that John Adams Jr. met the daughter of the US ambassador to the UK during his short stay in London and married her. .

Louisa has a violent personality and suffers from illnesses all year round. No one knows why John Adams Jr. took a fancy to her.

Anyway, John Adams once said: I must study war and politics so that my son will have the opportunity to study mathematics, philosophy, natural history, warship building, navigation, commerce and agriculture so that his children can study painting, poetry, music , architecture, sculpture, weaving.

As for whether the son of John Adams Jr. really goes to study art, it is not foreseeable whether he can become the president of the United States like his grandfather. It was also from this that an indissoluble bond was formed between the national debt issued by the US federal government and the repayment currency.

When the bill was passed in the United States, the U.S. Congress failed to pass it four times. Jefferson thought it violated the U.S. Constitution and centralized power, but it was forcibly passed by Washington.

Accepting the US dollar made of cotton and flax as a currency also requires a vote in the British Parliament. This is not a bank note or a voucher, but a credit currency. It was not until the Bretton Woods system that the US dollar was pegged to gold. For example, the newly minted franc can be exchanged for gold and silver, and the franc itself contains gold and silver.

But the UK is also issuing paper money, people have accepted that paper is money, hey, why not?

Then I saw that the Danish krone had to be printed. The Danish krone is not issued by the Danish central bank, and Denmark does not have a central bank.

There are many ways to renege on debts. When Newton was the director of the mint, Britain planned to reduce the silver content at that time, but was reprimanded by Locke with "private property sacrosanct". The deficit can also be flushed out by printing money, but people in the 21st century know the consequences of doing so.

Hamilton himself was a man of integrity, and it never occurred to him to seek personal gain through his government position, nor to give inside information to his friends.

The federal government prohibits Treasury officials from speculating in any federal securities, but former Treasury Secretary Durning resigned to participate in various speculations.

Among Doer's creditors was Henry Knox, the "incumbent" U.S. Secretary of War. The main object of speculation for Doerr and his associates was the stock of the Bank of the United States, which was issued at $100 a share. September 1791 The price was as high as $185 per share before the monthly decline.

In June 1791, the escape of Louis XVI occurred. When the news reached the United States, it was probably September. At that time, the stock of the Bank of the United States fell to 130 US dollars, and then rose to about 170 US dollars, and then the whiskey uprising occurred in the west. As we all know, alcohol tax is the main source of tax revenue in the United States, coupled with the Northwest Aboriginal conflict, the stock price of the Bank of the United States has been fluctuating. At the end of 1791, it was rumored that the Bank of the United States would acquire the Bank of New York. At that time, the capital of the United States was in Philadelphia, but New York also had a precedent as the capital. If the rumors were true, the stock price of the Bank of New York would rise sharply. Doerr began to buy the shares of the Bank of New York. He is shorting it again, anyway, no matter whether it is rising or falling, he will make money without losing money.

At present, except for pig iron and shipbuilding, there are few manufacturing industries that can be called craftsmen in the United States. Most people make a living from agriculture, while a small number of people live in cities, mostly small shopkeepers and servants. , lawyers, priests and "brokers".

The small shopkeeper is a bakery owner like Jacob, and his start-up capital was borrowed from the bank by Scamander using silver bird snake eggs as collateral.

It reminded her of the document she once saw in Severus' desk, which was given to him by Lucius' friend, and he gave it to Severus, which probably meant that the booming American real estate market would Bring a violent upheaval, many people will be homeless.

What was home to some was mere collateral to the bankers, and perhaps some of the bankers, like the table Georgiana had been at, were drinking and talking.

They need loans to move money around and earn interest, but they can't just lend money for nothing. Jacob is starting a business, but the risk is too great.

But everyone needs a home, and every family should have a house with a big yard, a dog, and two kids.

This idea is the American dream.

Queenie's idea is very simple, find a man with a good heart who also knows how to cherish herself to get married and start a family. For those who have what they want, like steel tycoon Carl, he doesn't know how to cherish, let alone Jack.

He bought the Heart of the Ocean, but he was also insured, and the insurance company would pay for the loss if he lost it. He never tried to find Rose. Soon he married another woman and moved on.

She still remembers what Jack said to the others at the beginning of the movie when he was playing cards.

When you have nothing, you have nothing to lose.

Unless you buy a tonte-style insurance, as long as you live to the end, you can get all the insurance money.

Perhaps what Rose wanted was not "true love" but "cherishing", not to mention the blue diamond that Louis XVI once owned.

For even a brief moment in her life, Pomona wanted to enjoy the feeling of being cherished.

It's a pity that she is not Arianna, nor is she Lily Potter. If it is not for the dream, she should be just a kind witch, short and fat, very popular with children.

How much she wanted to just sink into the bathtub and fall asleep forever.

But she still sat up, just like Scarlett, the heroine of "Gone with the Wind", said, after all, tomorrow is still a new day.