Chapter 3049 Adamas (2)

The Black family is not like the Malfoy family. Lucius Malfoy needs to "personally" handle the family business. Although he does not inspect his property as frequently as a professional manager, he at least knows it well.

Since the beginning of the Crusades, the trust system has existed. At that time, it still existed in the form of usufruct. Generally, the people who went to the war gave the land to their relatives and friends, and let these friends manage the land on their behalf. The proceeds from the land were used Come to the wives, children, and children who stay in their hometown, and the time limit is usually extended until the person who sells the land returns.

There was already a "ransom" at that time. As long as they were not killed on the spot, even if they were caught by heretics, they could still be redeemed by paying the ransom. Of course, the money was also from the land proceeds. But there are also special circumstances. Louis IX was redeemed by the French using tax money to raise money.

In short, at that time, there was no law to restrict this transfer and benefit relationship, and it depended entirely on the honesty and trustworthiness of the other party.

At this point, wizards have a lot of advantages, not just the way of making unbreakable oaths. Anyway, through the "trust", the Black family can close their doors and stay out, and they don't have to worry about livelihood issues, although gas lamps are no longer used in many places in the 20th century.

A banshee of the Black family lives in the Death Swamp. The swamp is one of the territories of the Black family, and the swamp was previously considered a barren land. However, Germany's Ruhr industrial area was once a swamp, where a lot of coal was found.

Of course, the Black family's property is more than that, but the nobles don't need to "personally" take care of these. Even when Sirius' mother cut him off, his uncle supported him, and Sirius had never had to worry about money in his life.

Hamlet had an uncle who killed his father and married his mother while he was studying in Denmark.

Even if there is a kinship relationship, some people still cannot fully believe it, so sometimes the lord will give the territory to the mother of his child.

Compared with northern Europe, the land in the Mediterranean is dry. If plows are used to plow deeply, the water in the soil will be lost, which is not conducive to the growth of crops.

In northern Europe, because of the rain, the soil is sticky and clumpy, so it must be plowed deeply. This required animals, usually horses, to pull the wheel plows.

Turning multiple horses and heavy plows around is not as simple as using cattle in East Asia, so the land in Europe is all in "strips", called strips of land, these lines are like the "dividing lines" drawn by boys and girls on their desks ", and some people will surround their own land with a simple fence and wooden stakes. Unauthorized entry is not allowed. Neighbors who want to pass must buy the right of way.

This is usually done when you are short of money. After all, you have collected my toll, and I can ask you for it.

When the lord was short of money, in June 1368, Lancaster's steward and others decided to divide the lord's self-employed land and lease it to farmers, on the condition that the farmers needed to dedicate themselves and the loyalty of their heirs.

The lord's self-camp is definitely the best in the territory, and it is usually surrounded by fences. There are two reasons for the housekeeper to do that. The first is that the Black Death has reduced the labor force in the countryside. Instead of leaving it so barren, it is better to rent it out. The second is because the Duke was defeated in Europe, and the French took advantage of the Gascony uprising and regained a lot of lost ground.

The Duke was not captured, but Edward III would be very unhappy if he found out about this defeat. In addition to John of Gaunt, there is also the Black Prince Edward who is a contender for the throne. In order to make his father happy, he needs a sum of money to bribe Edward Madame Perez, the mistress of the third king.

Before that, many lords had rented out their self-operated land. The farmers cheered and the lords were very dissatisfied, but they had no other choice. Previously, land transfers were settled orally through the manor court, but now there is a contract, which records the tenant's obligations and land rent during the lease, so that it can be used as evidence in court in the future.

The duke and his servants have all done it, and the others have no scruples. This kind of public bonanza holding system gradually replaced the Weilan system, and the original vassal peasants became public bonanza holding farmers.

There are many forms of this kind of contract, such as hereditary for life. If Lancaster wins the War of the Roses, those peasants who are loyal to the duke and their heirs can inherit the leased land.

There are also some contracts that stipulate the names of the heirs. As long as the heirs are not dead, this contract will take effect, and whoever lives to the end will get the most land.

Another one is time-limited, that is to say, if the successor wants to continue to lease the land, he needs to pay an entry fee. At first it was the sum of the land rent for one or two years, and later it became decades. The sum of land rent, and what is required is still pounds.

The sentence "follow the will of the lord" is often added to the contract. If the peasants fulfill the obligations in the contract, the lord has no right to drive the tenants away, and the common law does not allow it. But the lord intends to turn the farmland into a pasture. If the farmer can't pay the entrance fee, the land lord can take it back.

In the "Doomsday Book" at the end of the 11th century, Vilan accounted for 41% of the total population, and there were also some Yomannons. They did not have as much land as the big lords, nor were they as rich as the squires because of the wool trade. Rich people usually run some small ranches, and their land can be bought and sold freely.

Malfoy occupied the land of such people. In theory, their land has been measured, but the fence can be moved without any trace, let alone a few figures.

It's bad luck to have such a neighbor, and it's not good to be next to Arnold the Miller.

The abbot of Canterbury Abbey built dams, created waterfalls, increased the flow, pushed bigger mills, and increased production; why didn't the neighbor do the same? Not only will Miller Arnold not sue him, but he may also contribute money to help maintain the dam.

This neighbor also owns a mill. If the river is cut off, Arnold’s mill can’t be moved. Didn’t everyone else go to him to grind wheat?

Arnold, the miller, was the only victim in the whole incident, and the others had enough water for irrigation, otherwise Arnold would not have to sue, and the others would have dug the dam with farm tools.

The matter was brought to the king because it involved a local lord, a district councilor, and a legal blind spot, the pond belonged to the district councilor and the mill belonged to the lord.

The lord didn't just have a mill. Arnold's mill was actually bought from the earl's father with a freehold title called "irrevocable". However, Arnold did not become the owner of the mill because his father are sharecroppers.

What they actually obtained was perpetual tenancy, just like those tenant farmers who had given their loyalty to the Lancaster family in exchange for perpetual tenancy of the lord's own camp, they still had to pay the lord rent.

After the carp pond was repaired, Arnold's water was cut off, and there was no way to pay the land rent. The lord went straight to the territorial court and sued Arnold for paying the rent.

If Arnold can't pay, then he will take back the mill, and then he can rent it to whoever he wants.

The land belongs to the earl, and he can do whatever he wants. Apart from building a fortress, no one can control him even if he builds a theme park on the territory.

The problem is that the river doesn't just pass through his family's territory. If the river passes through his territory, it belongs to him, and everyone follows him. The Rhine River can be divided into trickles.

In the UK, in addition to land routes, water routes are also within the scope of the "King's Way", and the rules of "King's Peace" must be followed.

Pomona has yet to delve into the question of why all the swans in the rivers of the UK are now queens.

Anyway, according to the Supreme Court, Arnold did not sign a contract or contract with anyone to raise the issue of the use and benefits of water flow. If procedural justice is followed, Arnold will not be able to go through.

Prussia doesn't have a constitutional monarchy, and the king didn't just intervene in the whole case, preventing the verdict from changing the outcome, even if it wasn't the death penalty.

There was nothing wrong with a lord's wife asking the steward about grouse and rent, but Severus was talking about the queen.

He's crazy? Or was it controlled by the "Dark Lord" of the Gaunt family?

He might not get a "Habeas Corpus" if he goes to the palace like this, but he will be put in prison directly. Unlike children born in the wizarding world, he has birth and enrollment records in the Muggle world. In theory, he graduated from elementary school. dropped out of school.

He still has a criminal record, so he is "perfect". How could such a person enter the Secret Service and serve as an attendant? He is not an active Royal Airman.

"You're done?" Severus said, smiling, and Pomona wanted to punch him.

In fact, she was wrong just now. Others think she has compassion, not kindness. Kindness does not mean compassion.

So she laughed too.

"Think of another way, Severus, don't get too fancy, you'll never get into the palace."

"What are we betting on?" He was not angry, but asked provocatively.

Seeing his confident attitude, Pomona felt guilty.

"I don't gamble!" she said gravely.

He bent down and brought his face close to hers, his black eyes carefully distinguishing her expression.

"Coward," he said after a moment.

Whatever, she thought with self-loathing, and he was right.

"Why don't you talk?" he asked again.

"Say what?" she asked back.