Chapter 3277 Columbus’s Egg (3)

Grand Chateau is famous because of a gang that existed in Paris from 1715 to 1721. Their leader was named Cartouche, who was associated with the bandit Cartouche who was roaming around Alsace-Lorraine and committing crimes. is the same name, except that Cartouche of Paris is the son of a cooper. They encountered the Mississippi Bubble, many were driven into abject poverty as John Law's system collapsed, and France's economy fell into its worst troubles since the War of the Spanish Succession.

The members of Cartouche come from all walks of life. Some are responsible for stealing and some are responsible for selling stolen goods. They have multiple branches under their jurisdiction. It is said that five thousandths of Parisians have joined.

In the suburbs populated by workers and dotted with low-class taverns, the people "friendly" hid the Catushes, just like the peasants in Assace-Lorraine, who also hid the bandits who specialized in robbing loan sharks. It's just that the Paris police don't need to chase those thieves on horseback in the vast fields and countryside. They encourage the captured Katuchites to expose each other, just like in the prisoner's dilemma, confess their accomplices or accomplices, and themselves There will be no sin. This kicked off the false accusations. More than 700 people were accused, 329 people were tried, and most of them were sentenced to death.

In response, the police staged the executions in public, and Parisian comedians even choreographed a play called "Catouche or the Thieves," in which the execution, or guillotine, was repeated.

But people at that time didn't find it scary or miserable.

Voltaire made up a story about Newton and an apple in order to spread the law of universal gravitation, and then someone actually found the apple tree in Newton's hometown.

In addition to sending gendarmes and mounted police to hunt down the Katuche bandits, Napoleon also issued an edict suspending the sentences of "non-trading peasants" in various departments.

This is what he issued at St. Cloud: According to information given to us, in several of the eastern provinces of our country there are persons who have no other occupation than usury, and who, by accumulating the most unbridled profits, have driven many farmers into in great pain. We believe we must help them because unjust greed can lead them to these unfortunate extremes. At the same time, these circumstances make us realize how urgent it is to restore the sentiments of civil morality. Too many of them have lost their civil morality and have been in a state of degradation for a long time. We have no intention of maintaining or renewing this state, so we suspend the judgment in these provinces.

In addition to being good at fighting, Charlemagne also introduced church law into his laws. Originally, it was church law that did not allow interest on debt to be borrowed. Charlemagne promoted it to the secular world, and paid loans were prohibited.

But this also restricted the economic development of the entire Middle Ages. In the story of "The Merchant of Venice", there were still people borrowing money from loan sharks. When people saw Charlotte's misfortune, they all applauded.

John Law finally died in Venice, and Georgiana also expressed her wish to be buried in Venice.

The last time Carnot came to the Botanical Garden, he also brought up the matter of lending to farmers. After all, he codified the law, and the banker in Limoges had already obtained the franchise license and provided loans to his loyal customers.

When Georgiana proposed this loan plan at first, she thought that the interest rates were low and the bankers were not interested. As a result, they swarmed in and almost surrounded Bonaparte.

He intuitively felt something was wrong and stopped the plan. When they read more books and understand how the ancient Roman Republic fell, and the centurion in Livy's Roman History who was reduced to a slave because of a loan, they will not mention this matter.

A man named Nicola Bernoulli proposed a coin tossing game. If a tosses a coin and it comes up heads the first time, then b has to pay a shilling to a. The second toss comes up heads. b pays two shillings to a. If it comes up heads the third time, b pays a four shillings; if it comes up heads only the fourth time, he pays a eight shillings; and so on. In order for the game to be fair to both players, how much money would A have to advance to B before the game begins, as A's stake, or participation fee, to make the game fair?

Daniel Bernoulli, Nikolai's younger brother, was responsible for studying this problem raised by his brother and published it in a scientific magazine in Petersburg. Since then, this problem has become known as the Petersburg Paradox.

Based on the understanding at the time, if the game is fair, a's bet should be equal to the mathematical expectation of his win, which is an infinite number, so a must advance an infinite amount of money to b.

This is obviously absurd. No rational person is willing to pay a lot of money in advance to participate in this kind of game. A often only needs to pay a relatively small participation fee in advance to make this game "fair".

Expectations are the core of this issue. Daniel Bernoulli proposed to distinguish between two types of expectations, one is "mathematical expectation" and the other is "moral expectation".

People are risk-averse, and Georgiana also added that if farmers did not repay their debts, they would be enforced. She has a premise that she will not repay the debt after the "harvest". The Hostage Law also has conditions. What happens when it is enforced?

Laplace used "the impact of biased prior probabilities" to silence those French Finance Ministry officials who wanted to collect "participation fees". He used the example of tossing a coin.

Then the concepts of "trading farmers" and "non-trading farmers" came into being. If farmers' land produces produce, doesn't it count as being engaged in trade if they sell it in the town?

Bargaining is indispensable for buying and selling. Non-trading farmers are called "non-bargainers" in French. When such people suffer losses, they usually stay silent. When Katush comes, he will either join or protect him. After Bonaparte's edict was issued, such a person would not pay back the money, and the loan shark had to find a way to make him pay back the money.

Entering the countryside, especially the French countryside, was completely different. Arthur Young, who promoted the enclosure movement, was almost hanged. The farmers did not care how advanced the horse-drawn plow was.

There was no chaos in the countryside during the French Revolution. At that time, some people suspected that Georgiana was a British spy. The "dangerous plan" she came up with almost harmed France.

She renamed the demolished Grand Chatelais Prison into the Chatelain Opera House to commemorate Voltaire's mistress Madame Chatelais, instead of using her own name as Fontaine said. She was not that thick-skinned.

She used to want to be a female version of Merlin, but now she doesn't want to. It's enough if she can stop getting into trouble.

So she sat up again, feeling that she was still going to Italy with Polina along the original route. She couldn't change anything, whether it was in reality or in a dream.

Both Albus and Grindelwald thought about changing the world, but Albus finally gave up on that dream and went back to teach.

But he still didn't see through the "name". Like most men, he wanted to leave his name in history.

Laplace is not a saint. He is one of the few people who can publish his works freely at this time. He probably has some agenda to get close to Georgiana at this time...

There was a knock at the door.

"Madam, Mr. David is here." Osana said.

She stood up, opened the door and left the bedroom.

In fact, she doesn't have to live so tiringly.

She looked out the window in the corridor. Although the Seine River is much dirtier now than it was in the 20th century, there are still people boating on the river.

In the 20th century, she saw girls dressing up and dating people in the ship's restaurant instead of stealing food from the restaurant and going to Victor Hugo's former residence for dinner.

Severus saved the date, dancing with her to silent music.

In fact, she could just pretend that she was deaf and not listen to what was said outside, and she would be happy.

Just like the heroine in The Laughing Man, she can't see the Laughing Man's face because she is blind, so she can live happily.

Until the Laughing Man discovers his true identity and plans to marry a princess who matches his identity.

How far is forever?

People anchor diamonds to eternity, as if having it means eternal love.

England got Gibraltar because of the Treaty of Utrecht, which also said "forever".

Nothing is eternal, whether it's love or kingship.

Kings were so fond of setting diamonds in their crowns and scepters that they were much larger than the diamonds on girls' rings.

But the War of Spanish Succession started, wasn't it because the Habsburgs in Madrid had no successors?

Although the current Spanish royal family still has descendants, it is very short of money. Although the Duke of Alba has died, he has become the oldest and richest family in Spain because of the marriage of the previous Duke of Alba and his wife.

Louis XIV could support a sidekick to become the king of Spain, and Bonaparte could support a Stuart to become the king. Why could he?

The Spanish royal family's biggest support, the French Bourbon dynasty, has been destroyed. Likewise, the Treaty of Utrecht signed by Louis XIV and Queen Anne can be invalidated, because Queen Anne's surname is Stuart.

Compared to the Joan of Arc mentioned by Mr. Martin, she felt more like Anne Boleyn, a "talented woman" who thought it was easy to give birth to a boy, but lost her head because of it.

Soon she arrived in the living room, where David was talking to Laplace and was stunned when he saw her appearance.

"Is it that exaggerated?" she said angrily to David.

It took David a while to come to his senses.

"It's not an exaggeration at all." David said cheerfully, "Don't forget what you promised me."

She had no desire to be a "Sabine woman."

"That's what you came for?" asked Georgiana.

"No, Vulcan has a big fireplace. I think a big portrait can be placed on it. Which one do you think is better?" David said, taking out the sketchbook.

It was full of sketches of Napoleon.

This is not surprising, as portraits of heads of state are as normal as national flags on official occasions.

But she didn't dare to look at it. David drew various "life photos" of him, as if she was involved in his daily life.

She would rather have the picture of him crowned with laurels, holding the Hand of Justice and the Sword of Charlemagne on the mantelpiece.

"When you come back, the painting will be almost finished." David said as if unintentionally.

"How did you know I would come back?" Georgiana asked.

"How about this?" David placed a sketch in front of her.

That was him working in the study, but he was standing with his right hand hidden in his uniform jacket.

She didn't like him wearing a uniform in the study. It would have been nice if he was wearing a tuxedo.

"Let's go out later," Laplace said.

"Where?" asked Georgiana.

"Meet a friend, Alexander Humboldt."

"No!" Georgiana shouted immediately.

"Why not?" David asked with a smile.

"I'm not ready... how embarrassing it would be to meet him so ignorantly," Georgiana said nervously.

"Anyone who has met Humboldt will learn a lot, and he also wants to meet you, Georgiana." Laplace smiled and said, "You have read his book, what do you think?"

Humboldt was the first person to discover the Peruvian cold current, so this cold current was also named after him, but it was not named by him himself, but by everyone's generally accepted name.

It was also because of the Humboldt Current that Georgiana thought of the Florida Current.

The volcanic eruption blocked the sun, giving Ireland a year without summer. There was also no heat and cold cycle and no rainfall, leading to drought.

"It can't rain." Georgiana said, "This cold wave is an important reason for the drought in the coastal areas of Peru."

"I knew he must really want to see you." Laplace said happily, "Let's go, don't worry so much."

He doesn't seem to be worried about Milan at all.

But if Humboldt could come to tomorrow's party, it would definitely cause a big stir.

So Georgiana greeted David and followed Laplace.