Chapter 603 Quantum phase transition, Cooper pairs, Star City nuclear fission (1/2)

Chapter 603 Quantum phase transition, Cooper pair, Star City nuclear fission

Star City No. 5.

The underworld.

HHHI Group.

Due to safety considerations, the information sent out has not been sent back yet, and Murphre and Lorkong have to listen to what Kesperya relayed about his observations.

The changes in the microscopic world surprised Lorkong, and for Murphre, it was terrifying.

"White hole!"

"According to what you said, I have reason to suspect that there is a microscopic curled world."

"Maybe more than one, but a whole piece."

"Famous curled spaces such as Calabi-Yau space, curled six-dimensional space."

"To study dimensions, not only dimensional channels can do it. The ultimate goal of the HHHI Group itself is to study Calabi-Yau space."

"I guess the invasion of alien civilizations may also be related to the actions of our companies."

Exploring the microscopic world has long been the direction that many scholars have been rushing towards.

Especially after contacting flying civilizations, the microscopic world has been popular for a while.

But the entire human civilization has accumulated too little technology in the microscopic world, causing that wave to disappear quickly.

The general direction of human civilization is still the macroscopic route of electromagnetic force.

But as the Federation has entered level 2.6 in recent years, and the exploration of dimensions has also begun to show results, the dimension itself is becoming more and more important at the moment. The annual salary of physical space scholars in the Federation has rapidly increased from 300,000 energy coins to 5 million energy coins.

The Federation itself is also recruiting space scholars on a large scale.

Some companies have seen a new outlet, and space will inevitably become the core of technological competition in the next few hundred thousand years.

They have recruited space scholars on a large scale, and then studied the direction of space, hoping to open up the technology about dimensions. The technology of each dimension does not need to be widely used, and it can make a lot of money just by selling it to the Federation.

The HHHI Group was originally an interstellar mining company with resource mines in dozens of star systems.

It took them 1,500 years to complete the transformation from a mining company to a space technology company.

But they found that they were too late to enter the market. Although they had 70,000 or 80,000 space scholars, others were even more ruthless, with hundreds of thousands of space scholars, and even cast a wide net and began to cooperate with the governments of various star systems in the Federation.

As a latecomer, HHHI Group had no advantage at all.

So HHHI Group shifted its position and came to the Eternal Recurrence Star Country.

As a large company in the Federation, HHHI Group has a huge influence. Its arrival also allowed some companies in the Eternal Recurrence Star Country to see the future trend. More local companies in the Eternal Recurrence Star Country joined and learned from HHHI Group.

HHHI Group actually took a different approach.

Other space technology companies are studying black holes and high-dimensional worlds.

But HHHI Group knew that it was slow in this regard, so tens of thousands of space scholars decided that it would be better to explore the Calabi-Yau space.

They headed towards the microscopic world.

The companies in the Eternal Recurrence Star Country, these latecomers, also followed suit and studied the microscopic world with them.

Of course, these companies have weaker foundations than HHHI Group, and they just hope to share some of the spoils with HHHI Group.

In fact, many large industries in the Eternal Reincarnation Star Country have just begun to be established. For them, the future is still foggy. High-tech groups from the Federation such as HHHI Group are just like their beacon.

The microscopic world research initiated by HHHI Group is not limited to Star City No. 5, but every star city in the Eternal Reincarnation Star Country has it.

If the civilization is hidden in the curled up world.

Then perhaps HHHI Group and some other companies have touched the boundary of this civilization.

"Can a civilization that relies solely on the microscopic world survive forever?"

"Where does their energy come from?"

"The force of the microscopic world may produce powerful energy, such as nuclear fusion and nuclear fission, but such energy may meet the quality standards, but what about the quantity?"

"They are so powerful, have they never glimpsed the existence of the Star Country?"

Kesperya retorted.

He believes that this is an attack from other civilizations, not a counterattack from other civilizations.

There is an essential difference.

Murph didn't want to argue with Kospera about this. He said, "Anyway, at least we have reached an agreement on the curled-up world."

"If it is a curled-up world, then what we have to do is to destroy the curled-up world."

"Generally speaking, I might choose a black hole, but obviously, this is our Star City, so the only thing I can think of is quantum phase change."

Quantum phase change is actually a change in quantum phase. For example, water turning into ice is a phase change.

The commonly mentioned quantum phase change is Bose-Einstein condensate, a phase change of bosons when approaching absolute zero.

When approaching absolute zero, boson atoms in different states will condense together to form a gaseous, superfluid state of matter.

"The opponent's means cannot affect bosons, and perhaps the state of fermions can be affected by the phase change of bosons." Kospera thought this plan was very reasonable.

His idea is actually very close to Murph's, but it is fundamentally different.

"Impossible."

"The fact that bosons are not affected does not mean that they cannot affect fermions."

"Whether it is fermions or bosons, they are all quantum fields. The other party is affecting the changes in fermions produced by the quantum field. How can it not affect bosons?"

"It can only be said that the other party has given up affecting bosons. They don't need to control bosons now."

"Of course, there is another factor that prevents them from regulating bosons, that is absolute zero."

What is temperature?

It is essentially molecular thermal motion. The more intense the molecular thermal motion, the higher the temperature.

Molecular thermal motion refers to the disordered motion of all microscopic particles, which is why the temperature can be infinitely high but not infinitely low.

Because absolute zero means that the particles stop moving, there will naturally be no value lower than stopping moving.

Luo Erkong thought about it carefully and understood the key point in an instant.

"Kersberg observed the vibration of the microscopic world."

"This vibration even exceeds the strong force."

"When matter touches it, its state of motion will change, from collision to high-frequency vibration."

"At the same time, this state is highly unified, which means that the other party has changed the disordered state of quantum from the microscopic level, making the quantum into an ordered state."

"Now the fermions in Star City No. 5 are actually in a regulated state, so we only need to make the bosons regulated and isolate the influence of external radiation on Star City No. 5, so Star City No. 5 can be close to absolute zero."

Generally speaking, most practices are to lower the temperature to absolute zero and then cause the particles to undergo a phase change.

But Mervel's idea is to do the opposite.

First, let the particles undergo a phase change, and then create absolute zero.

"So that's it. If they control the bosons, the overall temperature of Star City No. 5 will change significantly, so they gave up controlling the bosons."

"However, your idea is still not realistic. We have no ability to make bosons appear in an ordered state. This is a dead end."

"You need to create absolute zero to make the bosons undergo a phase transition, and to achieve absolute zero, you need to make the bosons undergo a phase transition."

"I understand. You probably want to use supersymmetry to convert bosons into fermions, but this is as difficult as cooling the entire Star City No. 5, and requires a lot of energy."

The supersymmetry theory refers to the supersymmetry between bosons and fermions.

In nature, supersymmetry only exists for a very short time, and it is spontaneously broken.

But after reaching the height of human civilization, boson-fermion symmetry has been basically realized, and the spin of bosons and fermions can be changed freely.

After saying this.

Kersberga was stunned again.

Then he continued: "You must have thought of something so obvious."

"If it's not conversion, is it Fermiization?"

In the ultra-cold state, bosons will show the characteristics of fermions, which is Fermiization.

But, obviously, this is still stuck in the previous dead end, how can it be absolute zero?

You have to know that the entire Star City No. 5 is 40 astronomical units long.

6 billion kilometers!

If the earth is placed in front of it, it is so small that it is almost invisible.

Even the sun, with a diameter of 1.39 million kilometers, is thousands of times different.

It is more difficult to cool down Star City No. 5 than to cool down a star.

"I can't do that."

Mervel shook his head.

"Your thinking is too limited."

After all, Mervel is an executive of the HHHI Group. Although he is just a businessman, his understanding of physics is far greater than that of Kesperya and Lorkong.

"It is difficult to convert bosons into fermions or to fermize bosons."

"In that case, why can't we fermions be bosonized?"

"In fact, after hearing your description, I thought of something, Cooper pairs!"

In low-temperature superconductors, fermions do not move individually, but are paired in pairs in the form of weak coupling, one spin up and one spin down.

After the two fermions are combined in this way, the characteristics of bosons appear, and they can be regarded as one boson.

Although it is not a standard boson, it has the characteristics of a boson, which is enough.

This is the wonder of the quantum world.

The only problem is that the fermions observed by Cospera are not Cooper pairs, but are combined by more microscopic forces.

This pair of fermions does not show the characteristics of bosons.

"What can you do?" Cospera asked.

It has roughly understood what Mervel wants to do.

But this is not simple.

"Don't forget where we are."

"HHHI Group, this is not a small company, it has more resources than you can imagine."

Merver didn't blame Kespera for questioning his ideas.

This is the limitation of cognition.

Some technologies are beyond the imagination of ordinary people.

One technology is called element change, and in the field of weapons it is called particle deprivation.

As the name suggests, element change is a technology that can change oxygen into hydrogen and iron into silicon.

This is more sophisticated.

When applied to weapons, it means directly and forcibly depriving some electrons, protons and neutrons, causing the collapse of the entire atomic system.

This process will trigger nuclear fission. Nuclear fission produces neutrons during the splitting of the nucleus. Neutrons enter other nuclei and cause other atoms to fission again. In theory, it induces the fission of a small part of the material, and then produces a chain reaction to cause the fission of most other materials.

In this process, some neutron-absorbing materials may need to be added to promote the chain reaction of nuclear fission.

So nuclear weapons will have incomplete reactions.

Element changes will not produce nuclear fission, because it has a supporting technology called neutron collection.

In fact, this technology was not originally used to assist element changes, but a small technology inside the nuclear fusion device.

The energy of nuclear fusion mainly comes from the large number of neutrons produced by nuclear fusion. So how to make it more efficient without boiling water like a tokamak device is neutron collection.

Gather all the neutrons produced by nuclear fusion together to prevent a chain reaction of fission.

Originally, Mervel wanted to use this technology, but he later found that it was not necessary.

When he stood on the ground, he let his body undergo nuclear fission reaction, and then Mervel found that nuclear fission occurred, but nuclear fission did not burst out energy.

The energy of nuclear fission comes from the mass loss of nuclear fission. What if the atom itself does not have mass loss?

The system created by the unknown civilization has been disturbed. Although it is still the same atom in macroscopic view, in fact, there are twice as many fermions and bosons inside it.

This leads to the chaos of strong force. Strong force is not only the force that binds quarks, but also the force that binds neutrons and protons.

It can be said that the atoms affected by the unknown civilization have changed from strong coupling to weak coupling, but because they are in a strong coupling state inside, these atoms are not easy to lose mass due to fission when they are easy to fission.

"I want to use the reaction of nuclear fission."

After Murph expressed his idea, Kesperya and Lorkong understood everything instantly.

Murph wanted to use nuclear fission to change the material itself that constitutes Star City No. 5, making it a high-temperature superconducting material.

In the case of high-temperature superconductivity, fermions will also form Cooper pairs, but the phase coherence will be affected by the high temperature, so that the material cannot enter superconductivity.

But they don't need superconductivity themselves, they only need fermions to form Cooper pairs.

All we need to do is let fermions form Cooper pairs, and let these Cooper pairs and bosons superimpose, and use the unknown civilization's own interference with the ordered state of fermions to make the matter of the entire Star City No. 5 become ordered, thereby reducing the overall temperature of Star City No. 5.

"But it still can't get close to absolute zero!"

Kesperya and Lorkong calculated carefully.

Now the average temperature of the entire Star City No. 5 is -138 degrees Celsius.

The temperature reduction caused by nuclear fission can only reduce the temperature to -241 degrees Celsius at most.

This is still far from absolute zero.

"The temperature of the star city mainly comes from the huge mass and external radiation."

"Don't forget, our star city is modular!"

Murver had planned everything a long time ago.

Now, we just need to implement everything.