Chapter 751 Non-violence, non-cooperation

News from the Pacific Alliance has, to a certain extent, obscured news from other regions. If Arthur hadn't paid attention to the situation in Europe, he might not have even known when Constantinople was renamed.

Yes, in March 1930, the Republic of Turkey officially announced that the famous European city Constantinople would be renamed Istanbul.

The name change was the result of a vote by all Turks, and it was also inevitable for Kemal to firmly implement Turkey's reforms.

After all, although Constantinople and Istanbul are only different in name, for a republic where the vast majority of its citizens are Turks, the naming of this city must of course be based on Turkish ideas.

Facts have proved that even if history deviates due to various reasons, the wheels of history will still repair the deviation.

Time traveled to mid-March of 1930, and several major events occurred around the world.

The first is the famous non-violent non-cooperation movement that has caused great headaches for the British.

This was the Indians' resistance to the brutal British rule, and it also represented the Indians' desire for their own independence and democratic rights.

The so-called non-violent non-cooperation does not mean that there will be no cooperation unless there is violence. The true meaning of movement is non-violence and non-cooperation, that is, using milder means to achieve one's goals.

Beginning in September 1920, the famous Gandhi proposed the famous non-violent non-cooperation plan.

These include: refusing to work in colonial governments and courts, refusing to study in British schools, advocating the use of handmade products to boycott British goods, refusing to pay taxes, etc.

Under Gandhi's call, the people held strikes, school strikes, market strikes, and rallies and marches, forming a torrent of anti-British anti-British sentiment.

But the first operation soon exceeded Gandhi's expectations. More than 2,000 Indian civilians burned 22 policemen and the police station to the ground, which also means that this resistance action has gone beyond the scope of non-violent non-cooperation.

Although Gandhi hastily stopped such behavior, he still could not prevent the British's anger from venting on the Indians.

Less than a month later, Gandhi, who proposed non-violent non-cooperation, was imprisoned, and his resistance to the British was also severely suppressed.

After this incident, Gandhi also learned a lesson and advocated in advance for the Indian people to engage in civilized disobedience and not to use violence to resist.

As early as last year, when the economic crisis was severe, the Indian National Congress and others put forward demands for independence and authorized Gandhi to lead the movement.

The main reason is that the British passed most of the harm of the economic crisis to India and exploited Indians crazily to maintain the stability of the British mainland.

Such behavior naturally caused dissatisfaction among a large number of Indians. Due to the very serious economic crisis in India, most of the country's population does not have enough to eat.

In 1929 alone, at least millions of Indians died of starvation, and hastily buried Indians and scrawled graves can be seen everywhere in the countryside.

As a revolt against the British, Gandhi formally made 11 demands to the Governor-General of India after entering 1930.

These include respecting the rights of Indians, granting autonomy to the Indian people, providing relief to Indians, and stopping exploitation, etc.

Naturally, the Governor-General of India would not refuse such conditions. In the eyes of the British, India was just a colony of their own, so what qualifications did the Indians have to resist their rule?

During the period when the British ruled India, they massacred millions if not tens of millions of Indians, and they did not care about the lives of these Indians at all.

Anyway, India doesn’t have many things, it just has a large population. It is not a problem for millions of people to die. With India's high birth rate, the vacancies in the population can be filled quickly.

After being firmly rejected by the Governor-General of India, Gandhi decided to carry out resolute resistance to the British, starting with the destruction of the Salt Monopoly Act.

Starting in mid-February, Gandhi led 78 followers from Ahmedabad, India, to the west coast of India. The entire journey is expected to be 426 kilometers on foot.

With Gandhi's high reputation in India, a large number of people soon followed him along the road, like a silent parade.

On March 22, Indian time, Gandhi led a large number of people to the Dandi seaside and boiled sea salt himself, which lasted three weeks.

This famous event in history is called the Salt March by Indians.

Such an action that provoked British authority would naturally not be tolerated by the British colonial government.

In April 1930, the British colonial government began to suppress the silent march heavily, including but not limited to shooting, throwing grenades, and even firing with heavy machine guns.

In just a few days, thousands of Indian people accompanying Gandhi were massacred, and Gandhi himself was arrested by the British colonial government.

This massacre can be described as a stone that stirred up a thousand waves, instantly arousing dissatisfaction and anger across India.

The British's indifference and discrimination towards India was almost obvious. This indifference to the people caused Indians to participate in the rebellion against the British.

From this point on, what had been a relatively civilized disobedience movement had actually turned into an independent revolution involving the entire India.

After chaos broke out in India, the British no longer cared about maintaining a balanced policy around the world.

Such major problems have arisen in its own core areas. If they cannot be solved, the foundation of the British Empire will be shaken.

In order to suppress the independence revolution in India, the British mobilized part of the native fleet to India and declared military martial law in cities with serious rebellions.

In addition, Britain invited Australasia to participate in the conference in an attempt to restructure the British Australasian Alliance.

News of the Indian Revolution quickly spread to the world, and Arthur also expressed close concern.

After receiving the invitation from the British, Prime Minister Raul quickly asked to see Arthur and asked whether he would go to the UK to attend the meeting.

The meeting must be attended. Regardless of whether Australasia will help Britain in the end, it will not change Arthur's mind about participating in this meeting.

After all, Australasia and the United Kingdom have not yet been separated at this time, and at least the superficial appearance still needs to be shown to the people of the two countries.

Even for the large number of immigrants to Britain every year, Arthur had to do a good job in superficiality to keep the British trusting and favoring Australasia.

The country that is happiest with India's chaos is undoubtedly France. This not only means that France can breathe a sigh of relief in its competition with Britain, but France can even participate in the revolution in India, dealing a heavy blow to this ancient colonial empire.

Of course, the French are not that extreme. Although doing so may cause heavy losses to the British, it will definitely not endanger the dominance of the British Empire.

As long as the Royal Fleet remains strong, Britain will remain a formidable empire.

France obviously has no intention of going to war with Britain, and naturally it will not repeatedly trample on the British bottom line.

But this does not mean that the French have not taken any action.

In April 1930, the French government officially invited the Austrian Empire, Spain and the Republic of Poland to pay diplomatic visits to it, and there was a strong tendency to form a new anti-British alliance.

At almost the same time, a delegation sent by the Australasian government also took a transport plane and rushed to London, England to attend the meeting.

The two conferences held in the same month involving different countries were also called the new Central Powers and Entente conferences by the European media, marking the gradual confrontation between Britain and France.

In a corner that Europeans don't notice, Italy and Germany are taking completely different actions at this time.

Let’s talk about Italy first. This is a country that has had a coup for a long time. Mussolini had established a long-term dictatorship in Italy, formed an army loyal to him, and directly controlled the Italian political power.

Mussolini successively emptied the royal power and parliament, which also made the Italian king a veritable puppet.

Yes, Italy at this time was still a monarchy, and the full name of the Italian country was also the Kingdom of Italy, a monarchy.

What Italy is planning is actually a very famous event in history, that is, the war with Ethiopia.

Of course, the official name of Ethiopia at this time was the Abyssinian Empire.

In fact, more than 30 years ago, Italy brazenly launched an invasion of the Abyssinian Empire.

However, the results of the war at that time are also known to everyone. As a great power, the Kingdom of Italy was quickly defeated, and even Ethiopia, an indigenous African country, could not defeat it.

At that time, the Italian army dispatched a total of 17,000 people, with more than 11,000 casualties and more than 4,000 prisoners.

This ratio of casualties to prisoners is extremely exaggerated. On the other hand, the Abyssinian Empire, that is, the Ethiopian side, had about 10,000 to 15,000 casualties, which was almost the same level as the Italian army.

There is no doubt that this war shocked the world. Of course, it was the weakness of the Italian military that shocked the world.

At that time, the Italian army was equipped with a variety of advanced weapons, while the Ethiopian army was all equipped with backward weapons.

With such a huge disparity in weapons and equipment, it stands to reason that it should be a smooth massacre.

But unexpectedly, the Italian army's performance was not satisfactory, and it could even be said to be an insult to the great powers.

Also starting from this incident, including the subsequent World War I and World War II, the Italian army has always been a laughing stock in the eyes of the world's powers, and it was also one of the few jokes in the brutal World War I and World War II.

This also gave birth to the so-called joke that the Italian army will drag itself down if it is its own ally, and will speed up its attack if it is an ally of the enemy.

To use the famous words of Germany's iron-blooded Prime Minister Bismarck to describe Italy: "They came to the African continent with a mouth full of cavities and a huge appetite, but their old teeth are destined to be unable to chew bones."

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