Chapter 1358 - Land power and sea power

In addition to the three famous quotes about Luquan theory, Mai Jinde also said that because in history, the powerful nomadic people living in this area have repeatedly conquered the edge areas to the edge, which brings the surrounding civilizations around the civilization around Great threat. The development of modern railways has formed a new mobility. Russia replaced the Mongolian Empire, the hub country, Russia, and Germany, which may expand to the edge of Eurasia and form a world empire.

The second thing is that McGonde quoted a large number of historical facts that the conqueror from the hinterland of the mainland expanded and aggressive in the edge and the section: the southeast of the monsoon edge area and Australia; the northeast via Siberia and Alaska to the Americas to the Americas ; West to European edge and southern hinterland. Generally speaking, world history is developed in these directions.

McGust found the "heart" of the world, and achieved the theoretical foundation of Lu Quan. At that time, as far as his country was concerned, it was believed that the British, as a country, faced a serious challenge for the rise of landing power countries, and needed a modification of strategy and foreign policy. Although this was obviously too late at the time, this did not affect the theory of land rights on international strategy and political geography thoughts, because it was the first time it combined history, natural geography, and political geography, providing world geography with world geography. Trial of global strategic concepts in the context.

In contrast to McGonett's theory of land rights, it is the theory of sea power.

What is sea power theory? Simple understanding, it can be said that it is a theory of power or hegemony that controls the world through the ocean.

This theory originally originated from the national maritime power that the ancients established a strong national maritime for control of the ocean. Representatives were the Junior Navy commander of the ancient Greek city in the 5th century BC of Greek, the coach of the Greek city.

And Berrykley. In modern times, this idea has been further developed and even becomes a military term.

As a military term, the theory of sea power was founded in the late 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. It is believed that the ocean will inevitably become the main field of competition and conflict between maritime power that is eager to gain wealth and strong maritime power. The key to the naval strategy is to establish and use the country's maritime forces to establish and use the country during the war.

The originator of Haiquan theory is Mahan. He believes that the power control is the most important for the power of one country. The main routes of the ocean can bring a lot of commercial benefits. Therefore, there must be a strong fleet to ensure that the sea rights are made, and enough merchant ships and ports are used to use this interest. At the same time, the value of marine military security believes that the ocean can protect the country from fighting in the local area, and the impact of sea power on war is greater than the army. It is advocated that the United States should establish a powerful ocean fleet, control the Water of the Caribbean Sea and the Gorge of Central America, and further control other oceans, and further use the marine interests of Southeast Asia and Huaxia with the powers.

In addition to Mahan, the representatives of Haiquan theory include British navy theorist and historian J.S. Cobet, Russian Navy officer N.L. Clarado. Because the basic perspective of sea power theory is respected by the British, the United States, and Japan, and has a profound impact on the marine policies and naval strategies of these countries.

The first to accept sea power theory was the British. At that time, Britain was debating the problem of expanding the navy, and Mahan's works had an important impact on British Navy's construction and navy strategy. At the same time, because of many comments on the failure of the French Navy, it was valued by the French and praised its comments objective and fair.

In Germany, William II uses sea power theory as the theoretical basis for expanding the navy, and stipulates that Mahan's works are the textbooks of the naval school. In Japan, because of the establishment of sea power theory, it was the era when Japan fully expanded the ocean navy, and it was respected by the Japanese politics and military circles. In Russia, the Russian translations of the early works of Haiquan theory were worshiped by young naval officers as classics. Clado advocated the application of sea power theory to the construction of the Russian Navy and maritime forces and was appreciated by the Tsar.

The United States accepted the theory of sea power as a national policy than Europe. In 1896, Roosevelt began to fully accept the theory of sea rights, and vigorously developed the navy, revised the navy system, and established arsenal and docks. By the outbreak of the United States and Western War in 1989, it had a fleet better than Spain, which laid the foundation for winning victory. After the war, the U.S. Navy controlled the Caribbean and occupied Puerto Rico, the Philippines, Hawaii, Samoa and Wicker Island.

Many people believe that the United States inherits the United Kingdom, which is not unreasonable. From the concept of global governance in the United States, the overall inherits Britain. But in terms of governance effects, it is obviously not as good as the British as a whole!

This is why, there is always a point of view in the academic world, that is, the United States is the most powerful world empire in the world, but it is the worst world empire in history.

The United States attaches great importance to the theory of sea power and also attaches great importance to land power theory. This can be seen from the US War, World War II and after World War II.

With the World War I and World War I, the United States replaced the Britain and combined with the Soviet Union to solve the British -French colonial system. With a strong navy and a large number of overseas military bases, the United States controlled the world's main key fulcrum. This is the theory of sea power in the United States in the United States A manifestation.

The United States has been intervening in Eurasia and Africa, so that Eurasia and Africa continent will not be peaceful. Even in the 1990s, the Gulf War was launched and launched the Kosovo war. As soon as they entered the 21st century, they couldn't wait to launch the Afghan war and the Iraq war. This can also be seen a manifestation of land theory in the United States.

However, since the 1980s, the United States has been constantly challenged from all sides in terms of sea power and land power.

Now, this challenge is so strong that the United States has retreated significantly in terms of sea power and land power.

So much so that there are fierce arguments in the United States. Some people believe that land power should be abandoned, the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq should be ended, and the United States should withdraw from Afghanistan and Iraq. Some even more extreme people believe that the United States should abandon a large number of military bases in Eurasia and Africa and concentrate on ensuring the dominance of sea power.

Of course, there are even more extreme people who believe that the United States should withdraw all overseas military bases, return to the era of isolationism, accumulate strength, live a good life, and have the opportunity to gain world hegemony in the future.

Another faction believes that the United States has retired and can retire. As the world hegemon, it can only face challenges and should maintain land power and sea power more vigorously, so as to dominate the world and contain all challengers.

This faction even said very alarmist words, that is, once the United States retreats, it will be a bottomless abyss!

Britain lost its vast colonies in World War II, and its national strength rapidly weakened. Now it is in an awkward position, and this is because of the US-UK alliance system and the support of the United States.

This is a lesson!

No mistakes in one post, one content, one 6, one 9, one book, one forum!

Britain can retreat, and it can still rely on the US-UK alliance system to maintain its world influence.

If the United States retreats, what can it rely on?

Rely on the mercy of the new world hegemon? (End of this chapter)