Chapter 846: Accidentally made smokeless gunpowder (Part 1)
"The whole system is diamond-shaped, but irregular, mainly because the two upper diamond edges are longer and the two lower diamond edges are shorter. The upper sharp angle of the diamond is the steering wheel. The obtuse angle on each side is provided with a fixed pulley. The lower sharp corner of the diamond is the rudder. "
"Four diamond edges, each with a moving sheave to save effort. When the sailor turns the steering wheel, the rope will pass the fixed sheave and the moving sheave to pull the rudder board to the side and change the course of the ship ..." Da Vinci gushed endlessly Introducing.
Marin looked at the drawings and thought the design was quite reasonable. The lower diamond edge is short because the position of the fixed sheave is closer to the parallel position of the rudder plate. This also results in a longer rope force arm that pulls the rudder plate and a greater torque. In fact, the lower half of the so-called diamond shape has approached a line indefinitely ...
After thinking for a while, Marin asked:
"While turning the steering wheel so frequently, the rope should wear a lot?" This is Marin's worry. After all, big sailing requires sustainability. Sometimes, it takes a few years for a ship to run on the sea. If the ropes are changed too frequently, the trouble will be inconvenient if the trouble is not mentioned.
Da Vinci thought about it and said:
"It's true, I can only prepare more linen rope ..." He couldn't help it. Of course, he didn't know there was an artifact like sisal.
"The rope of this system is closest to the rudder board at the bottom. It seems to be soaked in water. The linen rope is not very resistant to seawater corrosion ..." This is the big problem. Marin's ship now only runs North American routes, and is also acceptable for rope wear. But the seawater is corroded, so there is no way. After all, the end rope needs to be soaked in the sea water for a long time together with the rudder board.
Da Vinci thought about it, and suddenly his eyes lit up, saying:
"Dagong, you can use navy copper to pull it into thin copper wire, and then use navy copper wire to form a copper rope to replace the end of the rope. Then, you will not be afraid of sea water corrosion soon?"
"There is such an operation?" Marin froze. But soon, he had to admit that this is a good way ...
It's really troublesome to use Marlin's own navy copper wire with zinc and tin added and braided into rope, but the feasibility is very high. Of course, it doesn't take much, just replace the section that is in frequent contact with seawater.
I have to admit that Da Vinci's brain is flexible, but before Marin praises him, Da Vinci rubbed his hands again and said:
"Dagong, you see ... this rudder wheel system has also been completed. Would you give me some zinc ingots and sulfuric acid to let me study hydrogen?"
...
Malin was reluctant to watch the only science **** under him rush on the road to death, so he had to think of other ways ...
...
"Um ... ah ... this ..." Marin vaguely said.
"Where are the zinc ingots and sulfuric acid?" Leonardo dazed a little, almost wanting to get it himself.
Marin is an excited spirit and blurted out:
"Can't give you, I have another use for sulfuric acid!"
"Another use? What use?" Da Vinci was also interested. He is interested in scientific knowledge, not just hydrogen.
"I'm going to make nitric acid!" Anxiously, Marin thought for another reason.
However, after thinking of this reason, Marin actually felt good.
Then, Marin took the curious baby Leonardo to the laboratory to make nitric acid ...
The process of making nitric acid is very simple, that is, heating the reaction with concentrated sulfuric acid and saltpeter. Nitric acid is volatile after heating, just pay attention to collection. At this point, Marin has been familiar with hydrogen production for a long time-as long as a narrow-necked bottle is connected to the pipe to pass water ...
After many steps such as cooling, Marin deserves a large bottle of concentrated nitric acid ...
"Oh, what did I do to prepare nitric acid?" Marin suddenly forgot his purpose.
But after thinking about it, it seems that he had no special purpose before. It's just for fooling Da Vinci ...
"Cut, what did I think it was, it turned out to be nitric acid ..." Marin didn't expect that Leonardo was not at all interested.
Why? Because people in Europe have already prepared nitric acid at this time ...
In fact, in the eighth century, Persian scholar Jabir Ibn Khayan produced the earliest nitric acid. Then, this technology was also introduced to Europe. And Italy, where Da Vinci is located, is the most closely connected Western European country with the Middle East. Therefore, it is no surprise that Italians know nitric acid.
Of course, Da Vinci has seen dilute nitric acid before, which is far from the performance of concentrated nitric acid prepared by Marin.
Not to mention, concentrated nitric acid can nitrate cotton and other plant fibers, forming a terrible nitrocellulose-fire cotton ...
Originally Marin wanted to blow a wave with Da Vinci, but the strong explosion characteristics of the flaming cotton ... Marin still did not blow anything with Da Vinci ...
Darfur had sulfuric acid again, and it was no surprise that Malin used sulfuric acid to prepare nitric acid. Malin was anxious, so he eagerly thought of a use of concentrated sulfuric acid:
"Ada, I want to make ether!"
Da Vinci suddenly froze:
"What is ether?"
"Ethyl ether is an anesthetic drug that can make people unconscious and let you dissect yourself ..."
In an instant ... Da Vinci's eyes brightened like a 200-watt headlight ...
Marin only thought of it at this time-Da Vinci, this man, was an anatomical madman ...
When he hijacked Leonardo in Milan, Marin discovered that there were many stolen dead criminals in the basement of Villa Leonardo. Moreover, these bodies were dissected. Otherwise, there will be no human anatomy picture left by Da Vinci. When it comes to anatomy, Da Vinci instantly gets up ...
"What are you waiting for? Let's go and prepare ether!" The anatomical madman Leonardo said excitedly.
Of course, Leonardo is not really perverted. But he thought of it-if there is such an anesthetic, then he can cut off tumors and carrion without pain and treat various wounds easily. You know, the versatile Da Vinci is also a master of medicine. Of course, it is a master of surgery ...
Marin hesitated and said:
"Ada, you first help me make a thermometer with a larger range. Because of this preparation, a high temperature of 140 degrees Celsius needs to be used ..."
Da Vinci quickly led away. Two days later, he brought a large number of mercury thermometers, which can measure up to 200 degrees Celsius.
Then, "Chemist" Marin began the preparation of ether ...
The preparation of ether is very simple ~ www.wuxiaspot.com ~ is to mix alcohol and concentrated sulfuric acid together and heat it, the heating temperature is 140 degrees ...
Of course, Marin is not a real chemist, and he is not sure about the amount of the two added. In the case of inaccurate amounts, Marin added more alcohol. In this way, the product obtained may be a mixture of ethanol and ether. However, this is always better than residual sulfuric acid.
Why? Because concentrated sulfuric acid is a terrible strong acid. Think about it, if you use this ether to anaesthetize the patient, as a result, because the residual concentrated sulfuric acid, the wet cloth covered with ether covers the patient's mouth and nose, because the residual concentrated sulfuric acid makes the patient disfigured ...
Therefore, Malin would rather add more alcohol, and would not let the concentrated sulfuric acid have residues, which is a terrible thing to disfigur ...
Because ether is volatile, the glass bottle is sealed when heated. Otherwise, the ether evaporates after heating. After the reaction, Marin first allowed the flask to cool and liquefied the ether. Ether is slightly soluble in water, so the resulting mixture, the ether floats on the surface of the solution, just collect it. Of course, this also contains ethanol. Because ether is slightly soluble in water, it is miscible with ethanol. Of course, when fishing, it will bring some water. That's why I said that if the concentrated sulfuric acid remains, it will be taken away ... Cover the patient's mouth and nose with a snap, it's done ...
