Chapter 199: Dry distillation

After Shangwen quickly read it again, he felt that the current problem was a bit tricky.

The tricky part is not how to smelt iron. It is to maintain the industrial foundation at the current high-speed start-up stage. The iron smelting technology is very easy to solve, as long as the blast furnace is modified, and then a large amount of dry distillation coke is enough. The coke method is very easy to do. When Shangwen was in the north, he planned to retort the coke, but it was delayed due to the Xianyang Arsenal. Now think about it, if adjustments were made in time at that time, it is estimated that today's situation will not appear.

The method used by Guyang Iron Works is the old method, although the method of adding charcoal to the crucible was also discovered, the method of charcoal was a bit outdated at that time. And it can't meet the current large-scale demand.

Since the beginning of equipping a large number of guns and artillery, there have also been locomotives and machine tools. The demand for iron has surged. The exact number is unknown, but there are continuous ox carts of iron ingots and coal from Guyang in the north to Xianyang. More than half of the highways are ox carts that transport iron and coal. If it is transported and used in this way, soon, the only iron stock will be consumed.

Guyang is a new iron factory. Qin currently has two iron-producing places. The other is Yiyang, which used to be a place in South Korea, but was quickly taken by General Qin Baiqi.

The current situation is that production adjustments must be made. This is no longer a matter of building more blast furnaces. This is to upgrade. After the iron is upgraded, steel can be produced on a large scale.

Thinking of this, Shang Wen began to calm down and write about how to make coke. Then how to use this coke for large-scale iron smelting. While Shang Wen was writing, the door rang.

\"Sir, young Bai Ai, can you come in?" Bai Ai whispered.

"Come in." Shang Wen lowered his head and said.

Bai Ai came in quietly. Because he knew that this adult had a habit of forbidding others to disturb when thinking about problems. Therefore, Bai Ai has always been very careful, and began to imitate Shangwen for some thinking.

"Let's talk, what's the matter." Shang Wen still buried his head and said.

"The things that the adults asked the small ones to do have been done. This is the finished product of dry distillation." Bai Ai said, putting down a bag and taking out some bottles and jars from the bag, and a few pieces of black things. "

"Oh, let me see." After Shang Wen finished writing what he was holding, he saw the coke in Bai Ai's burden.

"You made this coke?" Shang Wen asked.

"Coke? Oh. This is what the lord said." Bai Ai pointed to the coke and said.

"Yes." Shang Wen immediately stepped forward and picked up the coke and said.

"I asked you to dry distill the sulfur, saltpeter, and wood. Why did you dry distill the coal?" Shang Wen said.

"Hey, little curiosity. So..." Bai Ai said embarrassedly.

"It's okay. Curiosity is nothing wrong. This is a good thing, and humans should maintain curiosity." Shang Wen took the coke and saw.

"It's just that you must pay attention to safety in the future and don't hurt yourself." Shang Wen said.

"This thing is used for smelting iron. What I am writing is the method of making this thing. I didn't expect you to send a sample. Very good, it will be sent to the north in a while." Shang Wen said.

"Is that sulfuric acid obtained from sulfur? That is nitric acid obtained from dry distillation of saltpeter?" Shang Wen asked.

"This, this is sulfuric acid. This is nitric acid. This is obtained from wood. It smells like wine." Bai Ai pointed out. The terms sulphuric acid and nitric acid were quickly accepted by Bai Ai.

"En, very good." Shang Wen picked up the sulfuric acid and said.

"This is sulfuric acid. It is a strong mineral acid with high corrosivity. It is generally transparent to slightly yellow. It has a high boiling point and is easily soluble in water. It has different characteristics at different concentrations, so it has different applications. The raw material of many chemical products. It can cause great damage to the skin and flesh through different reactions, so you should be careful when using it." Shang Wen said while holding the clay pot of sulfuric acid.

"This is nitric acid. It is a highly oxidizing, highly corrosive inorganic acid that is easily soluble in water and is completely ionized in water. At room temperature, its dilute solution is colorless and transparent, and concentrated solution is colorless and transparent, but concentrated nitric acid is easy to decompose. Nitrogen dioxide is brown at room temperature. Nitric acid is unstable and easy to be decomposed by light. It should be stored in a dark place in a brown bottle and protected from light." Shang Wen said with a clay pot of nitric acid.

"That's why I don't let you touch these things casually. It is terrible to be contaminated with these things. These two things, nitric acid and sulfuric acid and glycerin, are derived from animal fats to make nitroglycerin. One kind. Yellow oily transparent liquid. This kind of thing is very smiling and will explode as long as it collides. The power is more than ten times more powerful than the granular gunpowder used by artillery." Shang Wen said.

"It's so powerful." Hearing Shang Wen's introduction, Bai Ai felt a little eager in his heart. He was eager to create the powerful nitroglycerin that Shang Wen said.

"I'll do the nitroglycerin experiment. It's too dangerous, you don't know the properties of nitroglycerin. Understand?" Shang Wen said while looking at Bai Ai. Shangwen knew that this child had a strong curiosity and wanted to try everything. Especially what you have stated clearly is bold and curious, but there are many things.

"En." Bai Ai nodded.

"The wine-smelling one you mentioned is this clay pot." Shang Wen said.

"En." Bai Ai nodded and said.

"You are using dry distillation of hardwood, so you can get this thing, and you have also undergone preliminary processing." Shang Wen said with a smile.

"When the crude wood vinegar is clarified, the upper layer is clarified wood vinegar, and the lower layer is precipitated wood tar. The clarified wood vinegar contains acids (mainly acetic acid), alcohols (mainly methanol), esters, ketones, and aldehydes. The residual liquid obtained during distillation is the dissolved wood tar. The ethyl group in the raw material is the main source of acetic acid, and the methanol comes from the methoxy group. Hard broad-leaved wood is better than needles. The material contains more ethyl groups and methoxy groups, so it is often used as the main raw material for the production of acetic acid and methanol. The resulting acetic acid is used to make cellulose acetate, acetate, etc., and methanol is used to make formaldehyde, etc., as a solvent. Used in paint, textile and other industrial sectors. Wood tar antipolymerization agent can be used in the synthetic rubber industry. Creosote and industrial creosote can be obtained after creosote oil is processed, which can be used in the pharmaceutical and organic synthesis industries. Light oil can be used as a float for beneficiation Choose foaming agent. Wood pitch can be used to make casting core binders and pitch paints. The main components of wood gas are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, ethylene and hydrogen, etc., which can be used as fuel." Shang Wen said a lot. words.

"Mister knows the scramble." Bai Ai nodded and said.

"I know so much. Look at this." Shang Wen said as he walked to his desk, he took out a wad of paper and handed it to Bai Ai.